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A key part of understanding the distributed nature of TCP/IP is the realization that
TCP/IP is a modular family of protocols, providing a wide range of highly segmented
functions. TCP/IP is not a single monolithic protocol, but instead is a collection
of protocols that range from application-specific functions like web
browsing down to the low-level networking protocols like IP and TCP.
One common tool used for comparing different kinds of protocols is the OSI* Reference
Model, which is a simplistic breakdown of networking functions from the
physical wiring up to the applications that run on the network. By comparing
TCP/IP to the OSI Reference Model, it is easier to understand how each of the
major protocols interact with each other.
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